Comparing Inhaler Types: MDI, DPI, and SMI Usage and Recommendations

 

Respiratory Inhalers

Types of Respiratory Inhalers

Metered Dose Inhalers
Metered dose inhalers (MDIs) are one of the most common types of inhalers used to deliver medicine to the lungs. They contain liquefied medicine that is released in short bursts from the inhaler. When a person uses an MDI, they exhale fully, place their mouth around the mouthpiece, and press down on the canister to release the medicine as they breathe in slowly and deeply. The medicine particles get trapped in the lungs and provide quick relief. MDIs usually contain fast-acting bronchodilators that relax muscles in the airways to relieve coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath associated with asthma or COPD.

Dry Powder Inhalers
Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) deliver medication to the lungs in a powder form without the need for an propellant gas. They contain medication that has been processed into a single or multi-dose dry powder that is inhaled through the mouth from the device. When using a DPI, the person inhales quickly and deeply through the mouthpiece which helps powder particles break apart and travel to the lungs. Common medications dispensed via DPI include bronchodilators, steroids, and antibiotic powders. Respiratory Inhalers Compared to MDIs, DPIs require a stronger inhalation to disperse powder and may be harder for some patients to use properly.

Soft Mist Inhalers

Soft mist inhalers (SMIs) or nebulizers utilize liquid medication that is aerosolized through the breath and a piezoelectric crystal. Upon actuation, the crystal vibrates at high speed turning liquid medication into a very fine mist or aerosol that is easily inhaled into the lungs. SMIs are best suited for patients unable to coordinate breathing with an MDI or DPI. They are preferred for acute asthma exacerbations in young children and other special populations with low inhalation capacity. However, SMIs require electricity or batteries to operate and cannot provide quick relief medication "on-the-go" like MDIs and DPIs.

Usage Recommendations for Different Patient Types

Children
Inhalers can be challenging for children to effectively use. MDIs may require hand-breath coordination that is difficult for young children to master. DPIs may require a stronger breath that children may not be able to produce. SMIs are usually more convenient for young children as they do not require coordination and provide medicine through normal breathing. Older school-aged children may be capable of using MDIs and DPIs if trained properly. Using an inhalation spacer device or facemask with an MDI can help small children receive their medication effectively.

Adults
For most adults, MDIs and DPIs tend to be the preferred options. They provide quick relief medication that can be easily self-administered. Proper technique includes exhalation, placement of mouth around the mouthpiece, and slow inhalation for MDIs or fast, deep inhalation for DPIs. SMIs are useful when an individual cannot coordinate their breathing or use their inhaler effectively, such as during an asthma attack.

Elderly Patients
The elderly population may experience difficulties using inhalers due to physical limitations, cognitive impairment, or dexterity issues involving hand and breath coordination. DPIs tend to be harder for them to use compared to MDIs. SMIs that do not require exhalation or a strong inhalation breath can be safer and more effective options. It is also important for caregivers of elderly patients to ensure proper inhaler technique is being followed through regular reviews with the patients.

Tips for Effective Respiratory Inhalers Use

Regardless of the type of inhaler, there are a few general tips to help ensure medication is being delivered effectively to the lungs:

1. Shake the inhaler well before each use to re-suspend medication if prescribed.
2. Exhale fully before placing the inhaler in mouth.
3. Seal lips around the mouthpiece and inhale slowly and deeply over 3-5 seconds for MDIs. Inhale quickly for one full breath for DPIs.
4. Hold breath for 10 seconds to allow medication time to fully reach target airways before exhaling.
5. Rinse mouth with water after use to prevent side effects like thrush.
6. Clean inhalers regularly according to manufacturer instructions to prevent clogging.
7. Seek medical advice if not receiving full symptom relief or having difficulties using the inhaler properly.

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Alice Mutum is a seasoned senior content editor at Coherent Market Insights, leveraging extensive expertise gained from her previous role as a content writer. With seven years in content development, Alice masterfully employs SEO best practices and cutting-edge digital marketing strategies to craft high-ranking, impactful content. As an editor, she meticulously ensures flawless grammar and punctuation, precise data accuracy, and perfect alignment with audience needs in every research report. Alice's dedication to excellence and her strategic approach to content make her an invaluable asset in the world of market insights.

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